Matthew explores global-scale ocean circulation and the influence it has on regional climate, large-scale physical oceanography, ocean modelling, and climate processes, with a particular focus on the Southern Hemisphere. Using ocean and coupled climate models in combination with observations, Matthew England studies what controls ocean currents and how these currents affect climate and climate variability on time-scales of seasons to centuries. Applications include (1) the circulation and variability of the Southern Ocean and its role in regional climate patterns, (2) global-scale water-mass formation: mechanisms, variability and stability, (3) the oceans thermohaline circulation, stability, and feedback to the atmosphere, (4) the Southern Annular Mode and Australian rainfall variability, and (5) past ocean circulation states and paleoclimate modelling...